Apical resection surgery is a surgical method used to treat lesions that develop in tooth roots. When root canal treatment is insufficient, the inflamed part of the tooth root can be treated using this method. Apical resection becomes necessary when lesions in the tooth root advance to a stage requiring surgical intervention. It is particularly useful for removing advanced infections from the tooth root through surgery.
Types of Apical Resection
Apical resection surgery is not always necessary. Generally, it is preferred when lesions in the tooth root reach an advanced stage. Here is a summary of types of dental lesions that may require apical resection surgery:
- Tooth Decay: Decay in the teeth can erode the tooth enamel over time, potentially reaching the root, which may require surgery if not controlled.
- Tooth Fracture: Excessive force or environmental factors can cause tooth fractures, leading to pain and sensitivity.
- Damage to Tooth Enamel: Frequent consumption of acidic foods or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage and sensitize the tooth enamel over time.
- Dental Cyst: Cysts that form at the tip of the tooth root often require surgical intervention.
How is Apical Resection Diagnosed?
Unhealthy eating habits and inadequate oral and dental care can lead to the growth of oral bacteria over time. These bacteria can accumulate in decayed teeth, extending to the root and causing various infections. When the infection progresses, root canal treatment may be insufficient, requiring surgical removal of the infection.
Apical resection surgery is used in cases where lesions cause other significant effects over time. During dental examinations, the presence of the following factors may indicate the need for apical resection:
- A lesion in the tooth root has damaged the root.
- Benign cyst formation has occurred in the tooth root.
- The infection affects the front teeth.
- Root canal treatment was unsuccessful, or pain continues after the procedure.
- Structural abnormalities in the root or jaw prevent successful root canal treatment.
- The infected tooth root is pressing on other tooth roots.
How is Apical Resection Treated?
Apical resection is a surgical procedure. If not performed when necessary, it may cause swelling or other infections in the tooth root. Issues in the tooth root may sometimes be treated with root canal therapy, but advanced cases may require surgery. The suitability of surgery is primarily determined based on the existing conditions, which are assessed to initiate treatment.
During apical resection, infected tissue at the tooth root and surrounding areas are exposed. The infected root canals are cleaned of bacteria and infections, allowing the tooth to regain its previous function. The treatment is completed by sealing the tooth. Since the procedure is performed under anesthesia, it is painless and typically takes 30-90 minutes, depending on the structure of the tooth.
Why is Apical Resection Performed?
Apical resection is critical to preserving the structure of the tooth root without removal. The method treats lesions in the tooth root, preserving the tooth structure. The primary benefits of apical resection treatment include:
- Treating infection in the tooth root, preventing tooth loss.
- Restoring the tooth’s previous function.
- Alleviating pain and discomfort caused by lesions.
- Preventing the infection from spreading to surrounding tissues.
Apical Resection Surgery
When a specialist identifies advanced infections, they may examine the condition of the infected tooth with an x-ray. If the infection is suitable for surgery, treatment may begin. To prevent infection progression before the procedure, the patient may need to take antibiotics. The following are the steps involved in apical resection surgery:
- The infected tooth root and surrounding areas are numbed with local anesthesia.
- A small incision is made in the tissue to access the infected area.
- Part of the tooth root and surrounding infected tissue is removed.
- The cleaned root canals are sealed to prevent further lesion formation.
- After disinfection, the gum tissue is sutured, and the procedure is completed.
Following the procedure, the healing of the tooth root is monitored. X-rays may be used to observe the formation of new bone around the root, indicating recovery and a successful outcome.
Post-Procedure Healing Process
The healing process after apical resection may vary for each individual. Pain or minor bleeding may occur during recovery, and painkillers may be prescribed. Patients can also take additional measures to support healing:
- Applying an ice pack in the first 10-12 hours can reduce pain.
- Using medications prescribed by the specialist to manage pain, swelling, or bruising.
- Maintaining good oral hygiene and avoiding acidic foods.
- Avoiding very hot or cold foods.
- Using a soft toothbrush and mouthwash for gentle care.
These precautions significantly affect the healing process, alongside regular follow-up visits to the specialist.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Apical Resection Dangerous?
Although apical resection surgery is a painless procedure, some complications may occur, such as swelling, bruising, minor bleeding, or wounds in the affected area. While most of these resolve over time, some may be permanent.
Is Apical Resection Cancerous?
Infections in the tooth root are usually benign, rarely posing a cancer risk. Most benign lesions can be treated with apical resection surgery and heal quickly. However, malignant lesions, though rare, should be closely monitored by a specialist.
How is Apical Resection Cleaned?
If root canal treatment fails, surgical intervention is essential to remove the infected tissue and restore the tooth’s function.