What is Glutathione?
Glutathione is a naturally occurring antioxidant in the human body, produced in nerve cells within the central nervous system and in liver cells. Its structure consists of three essential amino acids: glycine, L-cysteine, and L-glutamate. Glutathione plays a vital role in metabolizing toxins and drugs, eliminating free radicals in the body, and strengthening the immune system.
Benefits of Glutathione
Glutathione levels in the body can decrease due to factors such as poor diet, exposure to environmental toxins, and stress. With age, natural glutathione levels also decline. Glutathione can be supplemented externally in various forms, including capsules, liquid, inhalation, topical, and intravenous (IV) forms. IV glutathione therapy can sometimes yield more effective results than oral supplementation. It may be recommended for slowing down aging effects, reducing alcohol consumption, and managing chronic illnesses such as liver disease, heart disease, and neurological conditions.
What Diseases Does Glutathione Help With?
While the effects of glutathione on specific diseases are not definitively proven, it is often recommended as part of various treatment plans. Here are some of the key health areas where glutathione can be beneficial:
- Reducing Oxidative Stress
- Oxidative stress is caused by an increase in free radicals and a lack of balance in the body’s ability to counteract them. High oxidative stress can lead to or worsen diseases like diabetes, peripheral artery disease, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis. Due to its strong antioxidant properties, glutathione helps reduce oxidative stress, potentially alleviating symptoms and mitigating disease risks.
- Decreasing Liver Cell Damage in Fatty Liver Disease
- Glutathione deficiency can increase liver cell damage and cell death, potentially leading to fatty liver disease in both alcohol consumers and non-consumers. IV glutathione therapy has shown positive effects on protein, enzyme, and bilirubin levels in individuals with fatty liver.
- Improving Insulin Resistance in Older Individuals
- With age, glutathione levels and synthesis in the body decrease. Studies suggest low levels of glutathione are linked to decreased fat burning and increased fat storage. Supplementing with glycine and cysteine alongside glutathione may improve insulin resistance and boost fat metabolism.
- Easing Symptoms in Peripheral Artery Disease
- Peripheral artery disease (PAD), marked by plaque buildup and artery blockage, primarily affects the legs. Glutathione supplementation has been found to improve blood circulation and reduce pain during walking.
- Alleviating Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms
- Parkinson’s disease affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as tremors, slowed movement, and cognitive impairments. While there is no cure, glutathione supplementation may help manage symptoms and offer some control over the disease’s progression.
- Enhancing Immune Activity Against Autoimmune Diseases
- Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are often present in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and celiac disease. Glutathione helps strengthen immune responses and reduce oxidative stress, protecting cells and supporting overall immune function.
- Reducing Oxidative Damage in Children with Autism
- Higher oxidative stress levels may be observed in brain cells of children with autism, which can correlate with lower glutathione levels. While the benefits of glutathione therapy in autism are not fully proven, it continues to be an area of research.
- Minimizing Negative Effects of Uncontrolled Diabetes
- High blood sugar levels over time are associated with decreased glutathione levels, leading to increased oxidative stress and tissue damage. Supplements containing cysteine, glycine, and glutathione may aid in improving diabetic health outcomes.
- Improving Respiratory Conditions
- One of glutathione’s byproducts, N-acetylcysteine, is frequently used to treat respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. N-acetylcysteine can thin mucus, improving its flow and reducing airway constriction, offering noticeable relief.
Foods High in Glutathione
The sulfur content in glutathione is crucial for its synthesis in the body. Consuming sulfur-rich foods aids natural glutathione production. Some sulfur-rich foods include:
- Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, and other cruciferous vegetables
- Garlic and onions
- Legumes
- Low-fat protein sources like chicken and fish
Foods like flaxseed, milk protein, potatoes, peppers, carrots, avocados, spinach, and melons may also support glutathione production. Other supplements, including selenium, C12 vitamins, and N-acetylcysteine, can complement glutathione for enhanced effects.
Glutathione Side Effects and Risks
Consuming glutathione through food sources or organic supplements is generally safe. However, not every individual may benefit from glutathione supplements, which are not always necessary. Potential side effects include:
- Abdominal bloating, cramps, and indigestion
- Shortness of breath from airway constriction
- Allergic reactions with rashes, either widespread or localized
Glutathione Therapy and Its Benefits
Glutathione is a potent antioxidant, essential for various bodily functions. Maintaining adequate glutathione levels can promote health, while elevated levels are not always necessary and may carry risks. Pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as individuals with respiratory or allergic conditions, should exercise caution with glutathione. Additionally, long-term, high-dose glutathione supplementation may lower zinc levels.