Measles (SSPE Disease) is an acute, rash-causing infectious disease caused by the measles virus (SSPE disease). It is a highly contagious infection that spreads from person to person through airborne droplets. The incubation period of the virus is 10-14 days. The most infectious period is from two days before symptoms appear to four days after the measles rash begins. Once contracted, it provides lifelong immunity.
What are the Symptoms of Measles (SSPE Disease)?
- Days 1-3: Mild to high fever, dry cough, runny nose, and redness in the eyes. Small white spots (Koplik spots) appearing on the gums next to the upper molars and inside the cheeks are diagnostic indicators of measles symptoms.
- Days 4-8: High fever (39°C – 40°C) and the characteristic rash. The measles rash starts behind the ears, spreads to the face, and then extends to the body, arms, and legs. It fades in the same order, often leaving temporary discoloration.
- Eye conjunctivitis (inflammation) may occur, making the eyes sensitive to light.
Can Measles Cause Other Diseases?
Measles outbreaks can lead to complications, such as the reactivation of tuberculosis, pneumonia, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, middle ear infection, and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
How is Measles (SSPE Disease) Treated?
- Isolating the patient for 10 days is recommended.
- Bed rest is necessary until the fever subsides.
- Symptomatic treatment is applied, which may include pain relievers, fever reducers, and cough syrups.
- Antibiotic treatment should not be given unless complications from bacteria develop.
- Gamma globulin can be administered to individuals who have been in contact with a measles patient (e.g., family members) to prevent the disease or to lessen its severity.
How to Protect Yourself from Measles (SSPE Disease)?
A single dose of a weakened live virus vaccine is given to children at 15 months old. A booster dose is administered 6 months later in children with nutritional or immune system disorders. During measles outbreaks, vaccination can be given to all children over 9 months. In such cases, an additional booster dose is given at 15 months.
When Should You Consult a Doctor?
- If your child has measles and the cough is getting worse or they are producing phlegm, it may indicate virus-related pneumonia.
- If your child has measles and shows continuous drowsiness, irritability, restlessness, or has severe seizures in the week following the onset of the rash, it could indicate encephalitis.
- If your child has measles and experiences hearing difficulties or ear pain, it might suggest the presence of a middle ear infection.